منابع مشابه
Net Shortwave Fluxes over the Ocean
Net surface shortwave fluxes (Qsw) computed from National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Langley satellite data are compared with Qsw from reanalyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The mean and variability of Qsw is examined for the period 1983–91, with a focus on the tropical and summer hemisph...
متن کاملShortwave Radiative Impacts from Aerosol Effects on Marine Shallow Cumuli
The net shortwave radiative impact of aerosol on simulations of two shallow marine cloud cases is investigated using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. For a shallow cumulus case, increased aerosol concentrations are associated not only with smaller droplet sizes but also reduced cloud fractions and cloud dimensions, a result of evaporation-induced mixing and a lack of precipitation. Three...
متن کاملEnhanced Shortwave Cloud Radiative Forcing Due to Anthropogenic Aerosols
It has been suggested, originally by Twomey (SCEP, 1970), that anthropogenic aerosols in the troposphere can influence the microphysical properties of clouds and in turn their reflectivity (albedo), thereby exerting a radiative influence on climate. This chapter presents the theoretical basis for of this so-called indirect forcing and reviews pertinent observational evidence and climate model c...
متن کاملEstimation of diurnal shortwave dust aerosol radiative forcing during PRIDE
[1] Using measured and derived aerosol properties from the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE), a four-stream broadband radiative transfer model is used to calculate the downward shortwave irradiance (DSWI) at the surface and the shortwave irradiance at the top of atmosphere (TOA). The results of the calculated DSWI are compared against pyranometer measurements from the Surface Measurements For...
متن کاملOn the Extension of Rapid Radiative Transfer Model to the Shortwave Region
In this work we describe the second phase in the development of the rapid radiative transfer model (RRTM) (Mlawer et al. 1996), a rapid and accurate radiative transfer model designed for climate applications. The initial phase of RRTM, which uses the correlated-k method for radiative transfer, allowed the calculation of fluxes and cooling rates in the longwave region in clear-sky conditions. Re...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1558-8424,1558-8432
DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-15-0178.1